Music and Society Essay Example

Music and Society Essay Example Music and Society Essay Music and Society Essay Name: Instructor: Course: Date: Music and Society The understanding and definition of music varies according to its cultural and social contexts. Its multiplicity in meanings finds a common ground on the fact that it is an art. Music is the art of integrating the media of sound and silence. As an art, it has the capability of inspiring various emotions and attitudes in its listeners (Ellis, 2008). It is an expression of cultural values and beliefs. The performance and creation of music varies according to its cultural background. There are different genres of music depending on these cultural backgrounds. Over the years, music has undergone various forms of evolution. It has acquired new textures, timbres, rhythms and dynamics. These evolutions have given rise to new genres in the society (Ellis, 2008). Despite of these changes in the structure and composition of music, it remains to have an immense effect on the members of the society. The effects of music are similar across generations and the varied types of listeners. The history of music dates back to the Paleolithic era. Evidence of musical instruments like the flutes is an affirmation of the existence of prehistoric music. These flutes were carved from bones and had lateral holes that were used for blowing. The simplicity of music evolved with the introduction of more complex musical instruments. During the predynastic period in Egypt, rulers like Thoth were believed be to the god of music. At these times, musical instruments like the clarinets, harps and flutes were played. They combined the complexity of duo or multiple instruments to give rise to different tempos, articulations and meters. The introduction of percussion instruments also had a major influence on the evolution of music. They were incorporated in orchestras. The evolution of music saw the incorporation of dance and other accompaniments like different musical instruments (Ellis, 2008). During the renaissance period, the predominant music types had their themes focused on secular issues. The dissemination of music in relation to styles and genres was increased with the introduction of the printing press. The themes received greater emphasis and audience with this technology. This age saw the rise of prominent composers from Europe. Their music was vibrant and often used as entertainment in the royal courts. During the 20th century, the discovery of the radio led to massive production and dissemination of music. With the existence of the radio, a wider audience could be reached and impacted by the various composers. During this age, prominent composers were like John Cage, Igor Stravinsky and Arnold Schoenberg. The invention of technology that allowed music to be recorded and stored saw the rise in number genres. The century saw the evolution of Jazz and Rock music. The former has its roots in the Africa American community while the latter originated from America. The age also saw the fusion of these varied music genres to give rise to the jazz- rock genre that was prominent in the 1980s. The introduction of rock music gave rise to the prominent pop music. The genre is a derivative of the rock and roll. Its origin dates back to the 1950s and is a descriptive genre for the music that received mass appeal during this time. Despite of the mass appeal, the genre also has definite characteristics. It constitutes the use of bass, electric guitar and drums. The main aim of the music is to achieve pleasure among its listeners. The music in this genre is also characterized by definite structures. The songs assume the verse-chorus structure where most of the times the chorus has a catchy phrase that is often repeated. The 21sty century has seen a vast growth in popularity concerning the genres of hip-hop, rock and alternative rock. Other popular genres are blues, jazz, disco and country music. There are also traces of contemporary classical music that comprise of compositions from the 1960s. Contemporary composers are like Thomas Ades, Michael Daugherty and Oliver Knussen who gained massive popularity during the 21st century. The century also has new age music that represents religious, electronic, world and progressive rock music. This genre represents the relative peaceful music that has a gentle touch of vibrancy. These compositions help in aspects of meditation and encourage a human connection to the planet earth (Longhurst, 2007). Music and the society are correlated terms. This is because music is a tool that is used not only to reflect but also to create social situations. Factors that impede and facilitate social changes are usually communicated in music. Access to music has been improved with technological advancements in the field of music production and dissemination. Music can be accessed at the touch of a button and is available on a twenty-four hour basis. Apart from the themes of songs being inspired by social issues and conditions, music has also varied impacts in the society. The massive interaction that members of the society have wit music causes immense effects on the society (Frith, 2004). Music is a powerful tool. This is because it facilitates communication that rises above the use of words. Music has the ability to inspire cognitive, behavioral, psychological, emotional and physical responses. It is a stimulus that has a vast range of effects on human beings. The effects of music on individuals are not always recognized by the human mind. This is because the brain is involved in carrying out a varied number of processes. The human mind is therefore not always conscious to the effects that music has on the individual. It facilitates the development and maintenance of various social, individual and national groups. Music is therapeutic (Campbell, 1997). This implies that it can be used to in the process of disease alleviation and healing. As a therapy, music can be listened to or the individual can engage in the process of making music. Music is effective in the reduction of pain and anxiety during medical procedures. The quality of life of those who cannot be aided medically can be improved with the use of music. The use of music can also inspire and maintain appropriate behavior among varied groups of people. Music also has an effect on human cognitive development (Campbell, 1997). Music enhances an individual’s IQ, learning capability and intelligence. Listening to music and playing instruments can enhance ones learning skills. The art of listening to music can improve literacy and reading skills. Apart from these, music also enables one to improve his emotional intelligence and to build on mathematical abilities. Classical music is said to enhance ones cognitive capabilities. Compositions like those of Mozart’s increase an individual’s performance in cognitive tests. Music shapes the values and attitudes of its listeners. Every piece of composition has an embedded theme that the musician intends to communicate to his listeners. The theme then either positively or negatively influences the listener. Among the youth and adolescent, there is a greater correlation between the music that they listen to and their personal behavior. At this period, teenagers undergo an impressionable age. This is because at this age their development is greatly influenced by their environment. Music is an avenue to acquire and embrace new culture. Contemporary music defines the current culture of the society (Barenboim, Said, Guzelimian, 2004). This is because it conveys attitudes and beliefs that are embedded in the society. The art appeals to a large population of the society. This massive appeal leaves behind both positive and negative effects in the lives of the members of the society. Music has the general effect of inspiring, stimulating and entertaining. However, music is also a medium through which unsavory attitudes and behaviors are inculcated in the lives of youths and teenagers. Death and violence induced injuries are a leading health concern among the youth in America. In the 20th century, a research showed that more than half the deaths among youths were a result of violence. A correlation exists between exposure to violence and violent responses among the youth. The society has shown rampant growth in popularity of rap and hip-hop music. The focus has been on the songs in these genres that have content that promote and advocate for violence. These songs engage the emotions of their listeners. The perception of the adolescents concerning what is right and wrong is influenced by the songs they listen. This is because many times, the musicians are social icons and individuals that these young society members look up to. Apart from violence, some of these songs also encourage drug and alcohol abuse (Kelly, 2009). The genres of hip-hop and rap often address the themes of personal liberty and individualism. Many of these songs advocate for the engagement in activities like taking drugs and alcohol. The effect on the society is a propagation of alcoholism and drug addiction. According to the National Institute of Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, listeners exposed to music that has references to violence and drugs tend to exhibit similar behavior. Rap music is associated with the use of marijuana, aggressive language and behavior, club drugs, malt liquor and alcohol. Music also affects the interpersonal relationships of members of the society. Various songs have thematic expressions of love and romance. These songs are found across the different genres of music. The songs inspire similar feelings of love and romance among the listeners. This is done either consciously or subconsciously through sublingual persuasion. These songs may make use of soothing tunes and sentimental lyrics. The listeners find themselves inclined to have romantic feelings. The songs influence relations with the opposite sex (Barenboim, Said Guzelimian, 2004). Such songs can at times increase the levels of promiscuity among the members of the society. Music is a language that speaks to the soul. The effects of music are varied and they are carried beyond the physical aspects of man. Music has the power to influence the behaviors and aspect of man. In the light of the society, music can be used to either build or break. Music will remain an integral part of the society. References Barenboim, D., Said, E. W., Guzelimian, A. (2004). Parallels and Paradoxes: Explorations in Music and Society. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Bloomsbury Publishing. Campbell, D. G. (1997). The Mozart effect: Tapping the power of music to heal the body, strengthen the mind, and unlock the creative spirit. New York: Avon Books. Ellis, K. (2008). Interpreting the Musical Past: Early Music in Nineteenth-Century France. London. Oxford University Press. Frith, S. (2004). Popular music: Critical concepts in media and cultural studies. London: Taylor Francis Books Ltd. Kelly, S. N. (2009). Teaching Music in American Society: A Social and Cultural Understanding of Teaching Music. Washington, D.C: Taylor Francis. Longhurst, B. (2007). Popular music and society. Cambridge, UK: Polity Press.

Influence of Confucianism on the Han Dynasty Essay

Influence of Confucianism on the Han Dynasty - Essay Example Confucianism became quite popular under the Han dynasty and influenced it greatly in terms of politics, history, education, law, and the role of women. According to Spodek, Confucianism influenced politics in the Han dynasty by changing the hierarchy of power within society. In a Confucian society, scholars were the most powerful, â€Å"followed by farmers, artisans, and merchants†(Spodek). In this new hierarchy, scholars had the most influence over how the Han empire ran on a day to day basis. Confucianism also had a great impact on history and its importance within the Han dynasty. According to Spodek, court historians were utilized in a much greater capacity than in previous dynasties. This change was due to the fact that Confucianism emphasized the â€Å"importance of tradition and continuity†(Spodek, 2006). This emphasis, therefore, dictated that histories should be documented more frequently and carefully. Education and law were other areas that were especially influenced by Confucianism. Within the Han dynasty, special schools were set up to teach Confucian principles(Spodek, 2006). Spodek states that â€Å"the emperor declared that the knowledge of Confucian classics would be a basis for promotion in the imperial civil service†(Spodek, 2006). This was a significant change as before the shift to Confucianism, only the aristocracy was really brought into the imperial civil service(Spodek, 2006). Law also changed as Confucian scholars were given the power to change and inform the laws within the Han dynasty in order to reflect Confucian principles(Spodek, 2006). Lastly, the role of women was influenced by Confucianism. According to Spodek, Confucianism taught that women were inferior and should dedicate themselves to serving men such as their brothers, fathers, and husbands(Spodek, 2006). Confucianism established the way women should behave in that they were seen as subservient to the males within their society.

View of Wordsworth Poet Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

View of Wordsworth Poet - Essay Example Apart from what is read and learned he derived his philosophy based on his own life experience. The time he had spent in France was rather painful and difficult. His sojourn in France from 1791 to late 1792 had far reaching effect on his mind and heart. He became an ardent admirer of the revolution and the political philosophy that it entailed. Wordsworth was already biased towards ideas of freedom under natural law, a social system that allowed all men freedom to build their lives on truth and brotherhood. But at Paris power has passed into the hands of extremists who called for deaths of all aristocrats and the reign of terror was unleashed .This seemed to completely upset all the great members of Giroudist partly. He was even in danger of his life. His faith in the Revolution and all that it meant suffered a severe setback and upset his belief in human nature. He coined his own understanding of the world and of human mind in his own terms, formulated his own philosophies which app eared in many of his poems that served as stupendous literary works in English literature. The meeting with a lady, Annette Vallon, at Orleans was a turning point in his life. She gave birth to a child ‘Caroline ‘. But later due to the war he was unable to meet them. The desertion of Annette tormented him with remorse and affected his character and haunted his poetry for years. This episode in his life appears in ‘The Prelude’. His meeting with Coleridge at Bristol paved the way to a new era in literature. Coleridge had read Wordswoth’s early poems and was deeply impressed by them. In return both Wordsworth and his sister Dorothy were stuck by the abilities displayed by the Coleridge. Having realized that the political reform and moral theory offered less improvement in the society, Wordswoth turned to nature. Nature that seemed to provide for man, to bless him with health and to keep him in contact with the essentials of Words worth’s great me ssage to his time were sown at this time. The Lyrical Ballard was the immediate outcome of this new association between Wordswoth and Coleridge. Its purpose was not merely to write in a manner different from neo-classical poets which would seem its purpose from the preface but also to present the meaning full experience of Nature which Wordswoth has now re-experienced in a manner which would convey its importance to all men. Wordswoth sought to replace with real and observed figures from the country side, the outworn mythology of Greece and Rome as the frame of reference for the poetry. Such humble and rustic men and women were also representatives of the great truths of life, the truth that man was happiest and the most free when he lived in communion with nature. Throughout the spring and summer of 1798 the philosophic framework for his concepts and ideas continued to develop under the stimulus of the wide ranging philosophical and theological knowledge of Coleridge. Wordsworth ow n personal experience and wisdom of the relationship between Man and Nature was supplemented and enriched by the new ideas of living and creating mind , that was the vital force operating in both Man and he Universe. This is the force that he addressed the spirit and wisdom of the universe in Book 1 of ‘The Prelude’. Later Coleridge identified Wordswoth’s introspective mind from the stories of his previous experiences of mystical and semi-mystical

Hybrid Pi Ce Transistor Model

Hybrid Pi Ce Transistor Model The hybrid-pi model is a popular circuit model used for analyzing the small signal behavior of bipolar junction and field effect transistors. The model can be quite accurate for low-frequency circuits and can easily be adapted for higher frequency circuits with the addition of appropriate inter-electrode capacitances and other parasitic elements. Bipolar junction (BJT) parameters The hybrid-pi model is a linearized two-port network approximation to the BJT using the small-signal base-emitter voltage vbe and collector-emitter voltage vce as independent variables, and the small-signal base current ib and collector current ic as dependent variables. Figure 1: Simplified, low-frequency hybrid-pi BJT model. A basic, low-frequency hybrid-pi model for the bipolar transistor is shown in figure 1. The various parameters are as follows. is the transconductance in siemens, evaluated in a simple mode where: is the quiescent collector current (also called the collector bias or DC collector current) is the thermal voltage, calculated from Boltzmanns constant k, the charge of an electron q, and the transistor temperature in kelvins, T. At 300 K (approximately room temperature) VT is about 26 mV (Google calculator). in ohms where: is the current gain at low frequencies (commonly called hFE). Here IB is the Q-point base current. This is a parameter specific to each transistor, and can be found on a datasheet; ÃŽÂ ² is a function of the choice of collector current. is the output resistance due to the Early effect (VA is the Early voltage). Related terms The reciprocal of the output resistance is named the output conductance . The reciprocal of gm is called the intrinsic resistance . MOSFET parameters Figure 2: Simplified, low-frequency hybrid-piMOSFET model. A basic, low-frequency hybrid-pi model for the MOSFET is shown in figure 2. The various parameters are as follows. is the transconductance in siemens, evaluated in the Shichman-Hodges model in terms of the Q-point drain current ID by (see Jaeger and Blalock): , where: ID is the quiescent drain current (also called the drain bias or DC drain current) Vth = threshold voltage and VGS = gate-to-source voltage. The combination: often is called the overdrive voltage. is the output resistance due to channel length modulation, calculated using the Shichman-Hodges model as , using the approximation for the channel length modulation parameter ÃŽÂ » . Here VE is a technology-related parameter (about 4 V/ÃŽÂ ¼m for the 65 nm technology node) and L is the length of the source-to-drain separation. The reciprocal of the output resistance is named the drain conductance . The COMMON-EMITTER CONFIGURATION (CE) is the most frequently used configuration in practical amplifier circuits, since it provides good voltage, current, and power gain. The input to the CE is applied to the base-emitter circuit and the output is taken from the collector-emitter circuit, making the emitter the element common to both input and output. The CE is set apart from the other configurations, because it is the only configuration that provides a phase reversal between input and output signals High -Frequency -pi CE transistor model The Hybrid-Pi model is a fairly accurate description of the BJT small-signal response up to GHz range. Since the common emitter circuit is considered the most important practical configuration , we seek a CE model suitable for high frequencies. Hybrid -pi or Giacoletto common emitter transistor model shown below. This circuit is quite simple and analysis of circuit using this model are not difficult and give result which are in excellent agreement with experiment at all frequencies for which the transistor gives reasonable amplification. Furthermore , the resisitive components in this circuit may be derived from the low frequencies H-parameters. All parameters (resistances and capacitances) in the model are assumed frequency invariant. Parameters may be vary with the quiescent operating point , but under given bias conditions they are reasonably constant for small signal variations. For high frequency analysis the transistor is replaced this high frequency hybrid PI-model and voltage gain and current gain , input impedances etc are determined. To find current gain Apply current divider rule to the output circuit To find input resistance Applying KVL to input circuit Vs = hie ib + hre vce Vs = ib hie + hre iL RL from equation (1) Vs = ib hie + hre Ai ib RL ( iL =Ai ib ) Substituting in equation (2) Ri = hie + hre Ai RL To find voltage gain Av = since To find output resistance Replace RL by a voltage source. Replace independent sources by internal impedance of the source Applying KC L to the output circuit. iC = hfe ib + i1 iC = hfe ib + vce hoe(4) Applying KVL to input circuit ( hie ib + hre vce) =0 substituting for ib in equation (4) substituting in equation (3) To find output resistance with RL RO1 = RO||RL Since RL is in parallel with the voltage source, total output resistance is the parallel combination of RL and RO Numerical problems Question A common emitter amplifier has the following h- parameters. hie =1KÃŽÂ ©, hre = 10-4, hfe =100, hoe = 12 µmho. Find current gain, Voltage gain, Ri, Ro, power gain. Take RL = 2KÃŽÂ ©. Also find output power take vS = 500 mV ( rms). HYBRID-p EQUIVALENT CIRCUIT To obtain Hybrid-p Equivalent circuit Consider a PNP transistor as shown above. The emitter current IE is divided in to base current IB and a component aIE of the collector current. This division of current takes place in the entire base layer at infinite number of points. For mathematical convenience, it is assumed that the division of current takes place at an imaginary terminal B1. rb1e: It is the resistance of forward biased base to emitter junction and it is the resistance offered to the flow of the current IE. rb1c: It is the resistance of reverse biased collector to base junction. The flow of current in this resistance represents the reverse saturation current Ico due to flow of minority charge carriers. rbb1: It is the resistance of the base layer for the flow of the current IB. This is called base spreading resistance because the division of emitter current is spread across the entire region. aIE: This is the current in the collector due to transistor action. When charge carriers reach the base layer from emitter, the potential gradient at the collector junction will result in the movement of the charge carriers in to the collector. This forms the current. aIE depends on the emitter current IE which inturn depends upon the voltage across base to emitter junction. Therefore, the voltage VB1E controls aIE. VB1E is the independent variable. This depends on charge carrier concentration and temperature. cb1e and cb1c: This is the stray capacitance across the two P-N junction. The reactance of the capacitor is very high at mid-frequency. Hence approximately, capacitors are replaced by open circuit (not considered). But for high frequency, the reactance becomes finite. Hence considered in the analysis. All the above terms are called Hybrid-p parameters. These parameters can be represented by the following circuit and it is called Hybrid-p equivalent circuit or Giacollette equivalent circuit. gm vb1e is the component of collector current(aie) expressed as a function of independent variable vb1e. gm is the Transconductance of the transistor. This represents ability of the transistor in transforming the input voltage vb1e in to output current.rce: rce is the internal resistance of the current source. To find Hybrid-p parameters Hybrid -p equivalent circuit Let the output terminals be short circuited . Considering mid- frequency, reactance of all capacitors becomes infinite. Therefore, all capacitors can be replaced by open circuit. rb1c is the resistance of reverse biased collector junction whose value is very high. Therefore it can be approximated to open circuit. rce is short circuited, becomes redundant. Hence can be removed To find gm where ΆIC and ΆVB1E are the changes in the currents and voltages around quiescent condition. We know that IC = aIE + ICO Since ICO is very small and a is very close to unity, Differentiating with respect to VB1E If t = 27oC (3) substituting in (1) In general In the above equation, IC represents the dc collector current or quiescent current. Its value can be found graphically by drawing the dc load line, locating the Q point on the load line and then measuring IC. OR if know the biasing arrangement of the transistor, then the circuit can be solved using biasing technique and then IC can be calculated. To find rb1e From the two port network theory, we know that vse = ib hie + hre vce (4) ic = ibhfe + hoe vce (5) OR From equation -(5) In the hybrid p equation circuit, VCE is already 0. Therefore obtain the ratio From hybrid p equation circuit and equate it to equation (6). Equating to equation (6). hfe =gm rb1e To find rbb1 From equation (4) From the hybrid-p equivalent circuit, applying KVL to input circuit. Vs = ib(rbb1 + rb1e) To find rb1c Rewriting the hybrid p equivalent circuit by neglecting all capacitances( open circuit) From equation (4) Taking ib = 0 in the hybrid-p equivalent circuit, since there is no voltage drop across rbb1, vs = vb1e. Substituting in equation (8). From the hybrid -p equivalent circuit. Applying voltage divider rule to circuit(2). rb1e is the resistance of the forward biased junction and rb1c is the resistance of the reverse biased junction. Therefore rb1e can be neglected in the denominator. To find rce From equation-(5) Applying KCL at the output terminal ic = i1 + gm vb1e + i2 substituting in the above equation Since rb1e To find Cb1C Cb1C is the junction capacitance of reverse biased collector to base junction. When a PN junction is reverse biased, the width of the depletion layer increases and capacitance decreases. Therefore Cb1C is very low of the order of few pico farads. To find Cb1e This is the capacitance of forward biased PN junction. When a PN junction is forward biased, width of the depletion layer decreases and capacitance increases. Cb1e + Cb1C = Where fT is called the transition frequency. fT = hfe fb fb is called upper cutoff frequency. fb = Numrical Problem: A transistor amplifier is operating with a dc condition of (10V,10mA). The operating temperature is 300C. The H-parameters of the transistor are hie =1Ko, hre =2.5X10-4, hfe=100, hoe=25X10-5mho. Calculate hybrid-p parameters given that CC=3PF. Take fT=1MHz. Solution References and notes ^ R.C. Jaeger and T.N. Blalock (2004). Microelectronic Circuit Design (Second Edition ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill. pp. Section 13.5, esp. Eqs. 13.19. ISBN 0-07-232099-0. ^ R.C. Jaeger and T.N. Blalock. Eq. 5.45 pp. 242 and Eq. 13.25 p. 682. ISBN 0-07-232099-0. ^ R.C. Jaeger and T.N. Blalock. Eq. 4.20 pp. 155 and Eq. 13.74 p. 702. ISBN 0-07-232099-0. ^ a b W. M. C. Sansen (2006). Analog Design Essentials. DordrechtÃŽÂ ¼: Springer. p. 0124, p. 13. ISBN 0-387-25746-2. G.B GUPTA Millman halkias

The Box Tree Case

Strike always results to the loss of trust between the employer and striking workers. In the case of the Box Tree Restaurant, the workers went on strike after losing their trust on their former employer, Augustin Paege, who denied them of their commissions because he wanted to reduce his payroll expenses by $100,000. After the strike, these workers could be expected to hold back as far as trusting their employer is concerned. On the other hand, after what Baruch and her replacement employees went through at the hands of the striking workers, they are not expected either to easily trust the returning workers.The most critical job for Gila Baruch, therefore, if she wants to â€Å"restore the once sterling reputation† of Box Tree, is to rebuild trust among all parties concerned. (Corsun, Young, & Shinnar, n. d. ) The situation, however, is not hopeless. Rebuilding trust is still possible. But they should do several things urgently. First, everybody should resort to â€Å"self-ac ceptance. † This means that they should learn to accept who they are and be secured in their identity so that they could develop trust in others. (Messina, n. d.) For instance, Baruch should accept the fact that if not for the strike she would not end up owning a promising business. The replacement workers are on the same boat as Baruch. They have the strikers to thank for their jobs. If not for the strike, there would not have been any vacancy in the restaurant for them to fill. In addition, they should not forget that they, too, are workingmen like the strikers and as such, want to be fairly compensated for their time and effort – exactly what the strikers wanted in the first place.Finally, the returning strikers should be aware that they are also indebted to Baruch and the replacement workers who made it possible for the Box Tree to stay in operation in spite of the work stoppage that they tried to instigate. Without them, the restaurant would have collapsed, they wo uld have completely lost their jobs, and then their strike would have been an exercise in futility. Once they accept who they are and what the strike has done for their benefits, they should be able to trust each other because their livelihood, in fact, clearly depends on one another.Another way by which trust could be rebuilt is for everybody to work hard for the establishment of â€Å"a healing environment. † This means that Baruch, the replacement workers, and the returning strikers should adopt a â€Å"healing mode† which will enable everybody to employ â€Å"forgiveness, understanding, and healthy communication to resolve problems and issues. † Once they are in this mode, they would be able to forget the insults and the animosities during the strike and heal the wounds they created, thereby allowing for an atmosphere conducive for the rebuilding of trust.(Messina, n. d. ) They, particularly the replacement workers and the returning strikers, should also str ive for a â€Å"reduction of a sense of competition. † In other words, they should do away with their jealousies and stop being defensive with one another. Instead, everybody should start cooperating for the common good. (Messina, n. d. ) The replacement workers, specifically, should not make a big thing out of the seniority status afforded the returning strikers and instead accept the fact that they joined the company at a much later time.The affected parties should likewise â€Å"let go of their fear. † Fear is such a restricting feeling which impedes people from behaving normally and objectively towards one another. A person who fears another for any reason could never trust that person. (Messina, n. d. ) The replacement workers, for instance, should not feel threatened by the return of the strikers. They should find security in Baruch’s desire â€Å"to reward [their] hard work and loyalty† during the strike. (Corsun, Young, & Shinnar, n. d.) The retur ning workers, on the other hand, should not be afraid that Baruch will be treating them with suspicion because of what they did. They should instead show Baruch that they mean no harm for her and the restaurant and that their only reason for returning to their jobs was to resume working and continue earning for their families. Reference Corsun, D. L. , Young, C. A. & Shinnar, R. S. (n. d. ). The Box Tree. Order #32096240 attachment. Messina, J. J. (n. d. ). Building Trust. Retrieved October 10, 2007 from http://www. coping. org/growth/trust. htm

Importance Of Purpose Audience Tone And Content In Academic Writing and two methods of weight lose Essay

?Importance Of Purpose Audience Tone And Content In Academic Writing Purpose audience tone and content all of these are part of writing process and are extremely important for a good piece of academic writing. Paragraph divide ideas into logical and manageable parts. Purpose, tone and audience these three elements shape the content of each paragraph. Purpose: The reason why the writer is writing the paragraph and what is his hope to achieve with the paper. Without a sturdy purpose the paper is worthless. Tone: The thoughts the writer conveys about the paragraph’s subject. If the tone is not appropriately chosen and used all through the paper then it can seem cluttered and possibly even incoherent. Audience: It’s extremely significant and this is the individual or group whom the writer intends to reach or address. It may be a specific group, teacher, student or general group. Fig: Purpose, Audience, Tone, and Content Triangle (source: https://new. edu/resources/purpose-audience-tone-and-content) From the figure we can see that purpose , audience and tone all are focuses to content. Introduction: Weight loss, in the context of medicine, health, or physical fitness, is a reduction of the total body mass, due to a mean loss of fluid, body fat oradipose tissue and/or lean mass, namely bone mineral deposits, muscle, tendon, and other connective tissue. Weight loss is one of today’s most trendy obsessions among individuals. Weight loss can have positive and negative consequence on an individual. It can occur unintentionally due to an underlying disease or can arise from a conscious effort to improve an actual or perceived overweight or obese state. Weight loss in the context of medicine , health or fitness , is a reduction in body mass of an individual, because of an average loss of liquid , fat or tissue such as muscle , tendon or tissue conjunctive . One of today’s most popular obsessions among individuals is weight loss. Weight loss can have positive and negative implication on an individual. A large of number of people now day checks out new ways to lose weight to fit modern way of life. A few people favor to use artificial techniques similar to consuming pills and equipment claiming to provide weight loss, at the same time others try natural procedures such as modifying diet, lifestyle, and cardio-training and the techniques for burning fat.

Principles of Banking and Finance - 1898 Words

What does Sub-Prime Crisis means? Sub Prime lending which is also known as near-prime, non-prime and second chance lending, means lending to people who might have trouble repaying the loan due to income ability or credit ratings which previously would not have been available to them. Credit ratings that might be not favorable to them with the standards set up initially by Financial Institutions slowly dwindle to less strict under-writing of loans. which could also due to an influx of foreign capital making lending easier to these group of people, the investment banks that sold the repackage mortgages to the consumers which is one of the way to fund for capital, and the Housing Urban Development of America policy to ensure that its†¦show more content†¦If there are not to give favorable ratings to these products they risk the underwriter of these securities to another rating agency. It would be hard to sell these products if they are not being given a rating to begin with. O nce they are sold the banks have in a way diverted part of the risk to the consumers. Investors should not rely too heavily on these ratings agencies opinions but instead carry out their own homework in the safeness of debt level as well as others related securities. Probably the opinions of the agencies enable them to get a conclusion, however based on past decade of event, it can only be consider as off base when it comes to the risk of credit event. Investors should try to put themselves in the shoes of the product pushers, asking themselves very important points like, why do you need to sell these products? Do you own any of these products yourself? If it is as good as you mention have the private investors bought and participated a substantial amount of their savings in it? Perhaps there need to be some form of intermediaries whereby no conflict of interest will affect their opinion and report of these products. 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